Knee Osteoarthritis (OA)

Knee Osteoarthritis (OA)

Knee Osteoarthritis (OA)2023-05-30T10:21:47+00:00

Knee Osteoarthritis (OA); What is it?

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative “wear-and-tear” arthritis that is the most common form of arthritis in the knee. Although this is more common in those over 50, I often see younger clients who have suffered an injury to the knee joint or have repetitive joint stress from overuse, such as sporting professionals.

Knee Osteoarthritis; who gets it and why?

In the UK, around eight and a half million people suffer from knee osteoarthritis. I often see this disease developing in people from the mid to late ’40s. It is found to be more common in women than in men; in fact, women are 40% more likely to develop knee osteoarthritis as opposed to the 10% increased risk of developing hip osteoarthritis.

Causes and factors of knee osteoarthritis include;

  • Age – As we age, the risk of developing OA increases.
  • Abnormalities within the joint – Factors such as impingement can cause early-onset OA.
  • Environmental – work, sports and diet etc.
  • Gender – Knee OA is more common in women than men.
  • Genetics – Those with family members suffering from OA are also more likely to develop it.
  • Joint Injury – Any injury relating to the cartilage, ligament or bone within a joint can lead to OA.
  • Overuse – Sporting professionals such as tennis players, for example, may also experience early onset OA.
  • Obesity – Extra weight and strain in the hip joint increase your risk of knee OA.
  • Muscle weakness – Lack of core strength leads us to rely on our joints more, which can increase our chances of knee OA.

Knee Osteoarthritis; who gets it and why?

In the UK, around eight and a half million people suffer from knee osteoarthritis. I often see this disease developing in people from the mid to late ’40s. It is found to be more common in women than in men; in fact, women are 40% more likely to develop knee osteoarthritis as opposed to the 10% increased risk of developing hip osteoarthritis.

Causes and factors of knee osteoarthritis include;

  • Age – As we age, the risk of developing OA increases.
  • Abnormalities within the joint – Factors such as impingement can cause early-onset OA.
  • Environmental – work, sports and diet etc.
  • Gender – Knee OA is more common in women than men.
  • Genetics – Those with family members suffering from OA are also more likely to develop it.
  • Joint Injury – Any injury relating to the cartilage, ligament or bone within a joint can lead to OA.
  • Overuse – Sporting professionals such as tennis players, for example, may also experience early onset OA.
  • Obesity – Extra weight and strain in the hip joint increase your risk of knee OA.
  • Muscle weakness – Lack of core strength leads us to rely on our joints more, which can increase our chances of knee OA.

Client case story

A patient came to us experiencing low back pain and low back problems. They had previously sought many treatments, including physiotherapy, osteopathy, chiropractor work with little success. Eventually, they received a referral to one of my spinal colleagues. Of course, the investigations showed some changes in the lower lumbar spine, which is very common in these situations. Unfortunately, this resulted in the doctor chasing that route to no significant effect. Again, misdiagnosis meant a lengthy investigation, which started with the patient experiencing back pain and having no idea this may have started with the hips.

Signs and symptoms of knee Osteoarthritis

Symptoms are likely to build over time and may not cause concern until the later stages. Symptoms are staged as such;

Stage 1 – Onset: Wear & tear and/or bone spur growths develop at the end of the knee joints making a noticeable difference in mobility when attempting to move after a long rest period. Stiffness may occur after sitting for an evening in front of the TV or getting out of bed in the morning. Often in stage one, you feel no pain, although you may ache more than usual after a day of exercise, long walks, gardening etc.

Stage 2 – Mild knee Osteoarthritis: Movement becomes more strained, and you notice more swelling around the joint. You may even catch yourself being more restless, and finding a comfortable sleeping position is becoming difficult.

Stage 3 – Moderate knee Osteoarthritis: The imperfections within the bone cause cartilage damage resulting in more pain. Resting your joints does not relieve discomfort. Instead, you start to source stronger pain relief and medical guidance.

Stage 4 – Chronic knee Osteoarthritis: The joint space between the bones is considerably reduced with little or no cartilage left; your pain is now chronic, and you have no relief without prescribed medication. You find it hard to complete daily activities and tasks without aid.

Signs and symptoms of knee Osteoarthritis

Symptoms are likely to build over time and may not cause concern until the later stages. Symptoms are staged as such;

Stage 1 – Onset: Wear & tear and/or bone spur growths develop at the end of the knee joints making a noticeable difference in mobility when attempting to move after a long rest period. Stiffness may occur after sitting for an evening in front of the TV or getting out of bed in the morning. Often in stage one, you feel no pain, although you may ache more than usual after a day of exercise, long walks, gardening etc.

Stage 2 – Mild knee Osteoarthritis: Movement becomes more strained, and you notice more swelling around the joint. You may even catch yourself being more restless, and finding a comfortable sleeping position is becoming difficult.

Stage 3 – Moderate knee Osteoarthritis: The imperfections within the bone cause cartilage damage resulting in more pain. Resting your joints does not relieve discomfort. Instead, you start to source stronger pain relief and medical guidance.

Stage 4 – Chronic knee Osteoarthritis: The joint space between the bones is considerably reduced with little or no cartilage left; your pain is now chronic, and you have no relief without prescribed medication. You find it hard to complete daily activities and tasks without aid.

When should I seek help for knee Osteoarthritis?

More often than not, patients only reach out to me after reaching stage 3; however, the earlier the diagnosis, the better the outcome.

Early measures can be put in place to prevent further damage to the knee joint; these include weight loss, walking aids and a therapy program.

You may also be eligible for ultrasound-guided injections depending on the stage of knee OA you are experiencing. Beyond these measures comes knee replacement surgery.

When should I seek help for knee Osteoarthritis?

More often than not, patients only reach out to me after reaching stage 3; however, the earlier the diagnosis, the better the outcome.

Early measures can be put in place to prevent further damage to the knee joint; these include weight loss, walking aids and a therapy program.

You may also be eligible for ultrasound-guided injections depending on the stage of knee OA you are experiencing. Beyond these measures comes knee replacement surgery.

Knee Osteoarthritis surgery

Over 100,000 people here in the UK undergo a knee replacement known as knee arthroplasty. Replacements are considered for damaged, worn or diseased knee joint/s. Here I specialise in custom-made knee implants, personalised to the patient’s anatomy, offering a greater success rate, unlike the traditional knee replacement in which patients report 80% satisfaction.

Where knee Osteoarthritis is the sole cause of chronic pain, the knee joint needs replacing; we can discuss this surgery further.

Our 3D planned patient-specific anatomic implants are offered as standard practice in my surgery. I also use anatomically shaped implants that match 95% of the population, provided to those who fit the criteria.

These customised implants increase our success rate and decrease patients’ recovery time.

Knee replacement recovery

Knee replacement is still considered major surgery and can involve lengthy recovery time, but the benefits are massive.

Physiotherapy is enrolled within your treatment plan and will start before your outpatient appointment at two weeks post-op and last a minimum of 6 months.

If our treatment plans are followed through correctly, you should expect to be returning to work (light duties) after 4 to 6 weeks and a full return after eight weeks.

Knee Osteoarthritis surgery

Over 100,000 people here in the UK undergo a knee replacement known as knee arthroplasty. Replacements are considered for damaged, worn or diseased knee joint/s. Here I specialise in custom-made knee implants, personalised to the patient’s anatomy, offering a greater success rate, unlike the traditional knee replacement in which patients report 80% satisfaction.

Where knee Osteoarthritis is the sole cause of chronic pain, the knee joint needs replacing; we can discuss this surgery further.

Our 3D planned patient-specific anatomic implants are offered as standard practice in my surgery. I also use anatomically shaped implants that match 95% of the population, provided to those who fit the criteria.

These customised implants increase our success rate and decrease patients’ recovery time.

Knee replacement recovery

Knee replacement is still considered major surgery and can involve lengthy recovery time, but the benefits are massive.

Physiotherapy is enrolled within your treatment plan and will start before your outpatient appointment at two weeks post-op and last a minimum of 6 months.

If our treatment plans are followed through correctly, you should expect to be returning to work (light duties) after 4 to 6 weeks and a full return after eight weeks.

Knee Osteoarthritis summary

  • Severe damage to the joint with loss of articular cartilage (bare bone)
  • Pain is felt anywhere around the joint, along with swelling, stiffness, loss of range of motion and reduction in activity levels
  • Conservative measures are used first with analgesics, weight loss, walking aids and a therapy program
  • A possible new option to consider in certain patients is to treat with a Subchondroplasty procedure
  • Definitive treatment with Patient-Specific Partial or Total Knee Replacement surgery
  • The latest technology utilises 3D imaging software to match an implant to the patient providing a faster recovery, better functional results and more likely to return to sporting activity

Frequently Asked Questions

I have compiled answers to several faqs for each procedure:

Knee Arthroscopy

When should I start physiotherapy?2023-01-21T10:27:21+00:00

2 weeks post-op. You will then need to go weekly until your outpatient appointment at 6 weeks post-op.

When can I fly post op?2023-07-12T12:59:55+00:00

One can fly post op but one needs to be aware of their own mobility status and increased DVT risk within the first 6 weeks of any lower limb surgery. We recommend you discuss this with your surgeon.

How long should I have physiotherapy for?2023-01-21T10:25:01+00:00

4 months.

When can I drive?2023-01-21T10:24:54+00:00

2 weeks post-op.

Is pain expected?2023-01-21T10:26:18+00:00

Mild to moderate for 1-2 weeks.

How long will I be off work for?2023-01-21T10:24:47+00:00

1-2 weeks.

Will I be able to walk normally?2023-01-21T10:24:40+00:00

After 2 weeks.

How long do I need to wear stockings for?2023-01-21T10:24:30+00:00

1 week.

How long do I need to keep my dressing on for?2023-01-21T10:23:10+00:00

2 weeks.

Can I go home by myself?2023-01-21T10:23:28+00:00

Escorted.

When can I start exercising?2023-01-21T10:23:49+00:00

2 weeks post procedure and with the advice from your physiotherapist.

Total Knee Replacement

When can I fly post op?2023-07-12T12:59:55+00:00

One can fly post op but one needs to be aware of their own mobility status and increased DVT risk within the first 6 weeks of any lower limb surgery. We recommend you discuss this with your surgeon.

When should I start physiotherapy?2023-01-21T11:19:26+00:00

Before your outpatient appointment at 2 weeks post-op.

How long should I have physiotherapy for?2023-01-20T17:44:51+00:00

6 months.

When can I drive?2023-01-20T17:44:59+00:00

3-4 weeks post-op, when you can perform an emergency stop safely, and you are off crutches.

Is pain expected?2023-01-21T10:48:52+00:00

Moderate to severe for 2-4 weeks.

How long will I be off work for?2023-01-20T17:45:50+00:00

3-4 weeks with a graduated return over the next 4 weeks.

You will have limited mobility and walking times/distances for 6 weeks, a graduated return to work at 4 weeks, a full commute at 6 weeks, a bike/pool at 4 weeks, a walk/run programme at 4 months and full competitive sports at 8-10 months.

Will I be able to walk normally?2023-01-21T10:20:55+00:00

Yes, but it will take 6 weeks.

How long do I need to wear stockings for?2023-01-20T17:48:19+00:00

3-4 weeks.

How long do I need to keep my dressing on for?2023-01-21T10:23:10+00:00

2 weeks.

Can I go home by myself?2023-01-21T10:23:28+00:00

Escorted.

When can I start exercising?2023-01-21T10:23:49+00:00

2 weeks post procedure and with the advice from your physiotherapist.

Go to Top